Renaissance Hotel Washington Dc: 特写一览

超現實主義
第一次世界大戰完畢後的幾年, 人們開始懷疑理性主義, 雖理性主義然使歐洲的文化, 政治達到頂峰但還是發生了恐怖一次大戰. 雖然達達派(Dada)的藝術風靡了當時的歐洲畫壇. 但是把印了字的紙片灑在地上作詩, 似乎太過消極了. 超現實主義(Surrealism)這時開始萌芽了. 1924年, 超現實主義的創始人, 也是達達派的詩人與評論家-安德烈布爾頓發表了"超現實主義宣言"(The Surrealist Manifesto). 宣言中指出: 超現實主義是結合了意識的和無意識的精神領域在每天的現實生活中而完成世界的美夢與幻想. 簡單的說, 超現實主義不但重視人類意識的思考, 另外更重視下意識的範疇. 他們用科學的方法研究人在無意中畫出的圖畫, 信手寫出的字, 小孩或瘋子的圖畫, 結合心理學與精神病學的原理, 配合上人的夢境與幻想. 結論是: 美是在解放了的意識中那些不可思議的幻象與夢境. 所以超現實主義是一種超理性, 超意識的藝術. 超現實主義的畫家不受理性主義的限制而憑本能及想像, 表現超現實的題材. 他們自由自在的生活在一種時空交錯的空間, 不受空間與時間的束縛, 表現出比現實世界更真實更有意義. 超現實主義首先在法國展開, 立即受西班牙畫家的歡迎, 很快普及到全世界. 而原本是單純的美術改革運動, 不久也影響到了文學, 雕刻, 戲劇, 戲劇舞台, 電影, 建築等其它的應用藝術, 所以超現實主義可以說是影響全世界的新文藝運動. 但在第二次世界大戰時, 大量的藝術家遷往美國, 同時影響美國超現實主義的風行. 1945年後"新具象"在藝術之都巴黎興起, 超現實主義才漸漸沒落.
Category: Surrealism History

CB - 22楼，记录生活.分享生活
, 1936, hereinafter referred to as CM. Ibid. , p. 22, tr. CM. Ibid. , pp. 24, 25 and 26. Ibid. , p. 27; tr. CM. A. Breton, "Exhibition X...... Y..... ," CM, p. 25.     conscious which defines the nature of their relationship to each other, Surrealism is next faced with the problem of how one reaches the surreal, how does he discover it. It is the problem of knowledge applied to a special iontext. Surrealism as a philosophical position now gives way to Surrealism as an activity. The important thing is to get rid of any semblance of rational control over our activity, for how can we get to the surreal which is beyond the rational if we cannot free ourselves from the rational? Breton describes the first method of activity freed from rational control, that of psychic autorndtim. This is the attempt to record the s~rearno f uninhibited verbal imagery for oneself as a psychoanalyst would that of a patient. One places himself in as passive a state as possible and writes down rapidly his irrational flow of thought.
Category: Surrealism Manifesto

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¡¡¡¡Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century I. A Historical Background ¡¡¡¡II. The Overview of the Literature £¨1640-1688£© ¡¡¡¡1. The revolution period ¡¡¡¡£¨1£© The metaphysical poets; ¡¡¡¡£¨2£© The Cavalier poets. ¡¡¡¡£¨3£© Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction ¡¡¡¡2. The restoration period. ¡¡¡¡£¨1£© The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. £¨school of Ben Jonson£© ¡¡¡¡£¨2£© The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge £¨1662£© were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication. ¡¡¡¡£¨3£© The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism. ¡¡¡¡£¨4£© The restoration drama.
Category: Renaissance Literature